Canadian researchers first to generate pluripotent stem cells from horses

Toronto, ON and Montreal, QC – In a world first, pluripotent stem cells have been generated from horses by a team of researchers led by Dr Andras Nagy at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto and Dr Lawrence Smith at the Université de Montréal’s Faculty of Veterinary Science. The findings will help enable new stem-cell based regenerative therapies in veterinary medicine, and because horses’ muscle and tendon systems are similar to our own, aid the development of preclinical models leading to human applications. The study was published in the journal Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.

These induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can develop into most other cell types and are a source of great hope for use in regenerative medicine and the development of new drugs to prevent and treat various illnesses. One aspect of regenerative medicine is the process of creating living, functional tissues to repair or replace tissue or organ function lost due to damage or disease. “To date, iPS cells have been established from several species, but our study is the first to report the derivation of these changeable cells from horses,” Dr Smith explained.

The research represents a breakthrough for both human and animal health alike. “Equine iPS cells bring new therapeutic potential to the veterinary field, and open up the opportunity to validate stem-cell based therapies before clinical studies in humans,” Dr Nagy said. “As well, stem-cell based studies using the horse as a model more closely replicate human illnesses, when compared with studies in mice.”

After two months of reprogramming equine somatic cells, the resulting iPS cell lines expressed hallmark markers of pluripotency, contained a correct set of horse chromosomes, and were able to form a full spectrum of cell types and tissues fulfilling the criteria of pluripotency.

“This means that the cell lines passed all the tests available to us for determining if they truly are what we think they are: pluripotent and a good source for future regenerative applications,” said Kristina Nagy, research associate in the Nagy laboratory and lead author of the study.

“The horse serves as an excellent model in which to test cell therapy, both clinically and experimentally, for a range of human degenerative diseases,” said Dr Sheila Laverty, an equine surgeon and Professor, Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Montreal. “Tendon, bone and cartilage often heal sub-optimally in both and result in a loss of function and long-term disability. iPS cell therapy offers tremendous hope for enhancing repair and regeneration of these tissues in both horses and humans.” Further research is underway to develop clinical treatments.

Dr Andras Nagy is a senior investigator at the Lunenfeld and a professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics at the University of Toronto, the Canada Research Chair in Stem Cells and Regeneration and a McEwen investigator. He received support from the Canadian Stem Cell Network of Canada for this research. Dr Smith is the Canadian Research Chair in Animal Cloning and Stem Cells and received support from the Canadian Arthritis Network. His lab plays a key role in the University of Montreal’s Animal Reproduction Research Centre.